prefix เป็นคำที่เติมข้างหน้าคำศัพท์ (root word) และทำให้ความหมายของคำศัพท์เปลี่ยนไป
เช่น kind = ใจดี เติม prefix – un ซึ่งมีความหมายทางปฏิเสธแปลว่าไม่ ทำให้คำศัพท์เดิมมีความ
หมายเพิ่มในทางที่ปฏิเสธ unkind = ใจร้าย
suffix เป็นคำที่เติมหลังคำศัพท์ (root word)และทำให้ประเภทของคำศัพท์(part of speech)
เปลี่ยนไป เช่น kind เป็น adjective เมื่อเติมsuffix - ness เข้าข้างท้ายเป็นคำว่า kindness จะกลาย
เป็น noun ส่วนความหมายยังคงเดิม
ตัวอย่างการวิเคราะห์โครงสร้างของคำfriend - root word 1 ตัวpen-friend - root word (pen) + root word (friend) ซึ่งลักษณะเช่นนี้อาจเรียกได้ว่าเป็นคำผสม(compound)friendly - root word (friend) + suffix (-ly)unfriendly - prefix (un-) + root word (friend) + suffix (-ly)friendliness - root word (friend) + suffix (-ly) + suffix (-ness)
ตัวอย่าง prefixes and suffixes
prefixes
Meaning Examples
a-, an- not, without amoral, anesthetic, apolitical, asocial
ab- away from abduction, abstain, abnormal
ad- to, toward adjoin, adjacent (lying near to)
ambi- both ambidextrous, ambivalent
ana- up, back, again analogy, anatomy, anagram
anti- against antipathy, antiwar, antisocial
apo- from, away from apology, apologize
auto- self autobiography, automobile, autocracy, automaton
bene- good benediction benevolent benefactor
cata-, cat- down, against catastrophe--a turning down
centro, centri- around, center concentric, centrifugal
circum- around circumlocution circumference, circumvent
com- with, together communal, community
con- with, together connect, confide conspire
contra- against contradict, contravene
de- down, away descend, deject (cast down)
dia-, di- through, across diameter, division
dis- apart, not disengage, discord, discomfort
dys- difficult, bad dysfunctional, dysentery
e- out of, from elect (choose out of), eject (throw out)
ecto- on the outside ectoderm--outer skin
en-, em- in empathy--feeling in
endo- within, inside endoscope--instrument for observing inside
epi- upon epitaph epidermis, epicenter
eso- inward, within esoteric--more inward, esophagus
eu- well, good euthanasia--good death
ex- out of, from xhume, exhale, exodus
hetero- other, different heterosexual, heterodoxy, heterodox heterogeneous
homo- same homosexual, homogeneous, homogenized
hyper- over hypertension, hypersensitive, hyperactivity
hypo- under hypotension, hypodermic
il- not illegitimate, illicit, illegal, illegible
im- not imperfect, impolite, impossible
im- into indiscreet, invisible
in- into incorporate (take into the body)
inter- between intervene (come between), interstate
intra- within intrastate, intramural
ir- not rregular, irrational, irredeemable
macr- arge macrocosm, macroeconomics
mal, male- bad, evil malediction malevolent, malnutrition
meta- beyond metaphysical
micro- small microscope, microcosm, microeconomics
mono- one, single monologue, monotheism, monarchy, monogamy
neo- new, recent neologism, neo-liberal, neonatology. neolithic
ob- against object, obstruct (build against)
palin-, pali- back, again palindrome
pan- all, every pantheism, Pan-Hellenic, panorama, pandemic
para- false paramilitary, paralegal, parachute
per- through percolate (flow through) perforate (punch through)
peri- around perimeter, periscope
phil-, philo- like, lover of philosophy, Francophile, bibliophile, philanthropy
poly- many, several polygon, polygamy, polytechnic, polytheism
post- after postgraduate, posthumous postpone
pre- before precede, predict (tell before)
pro- for, forward promote, project
pros- toward, in front prospect—view in front, something coming up
proto- first prototype, protoplasm, protobiology


Suffix
Meaning Part of Speech Example
able capable of being readable, edible
en made of wooden
fy make simplify
hood condition motherhood
ize make realize
less without careless
ment state of being development
or,er person who instructor, employer